Dr. Burt Einspruch
Burt Einspruch was born in 1935 in New York City and grew up in the Bronx, in a neighborhood he described as largely Jewish and peaceful, living near a park and across from the strict, immigrant-filled public school PS 61. His father, born in what he called Pilsen, Czechoslovakia, came from a family that had run a bakery for generations. The elder Einspruch served in the Austrian army in World War One, where he was stationed at Auschwitz as a railroad junction, and later served in the anti-Semitic Polish army during the Russo-Polish war. Emigrating to the United States, he worked as a baker and became a labor organizer, drawing on his fluency in Polish, Yiddish, German, and other languages. Burt's mother arrived in 1929, around the time of the stock market crash.
When Burt was eleven, his family moved to Dallas, following relatives who had prospered there and seeking relief from the union battles of the era. His brother had come earlier to start Highland Park High School. Burt found the transition easy and quickly discovered he was academically ahead of his classmates. He recalled an idyllic childhood of play, radio, and occasional Yankees games in New York, and he graduated from Highland Park at sixteen. He went on to Southern Methodist University, graduating with honors and departmental distinction in comparative literature, and married Barbara in October 1960. He then attended UT Southwestern Medical School, which he remembered as an unhappy period marked by harassment from bitter professors.
Commissioned in 1956, Einspruch served in the Navy Reserve and later on active duty during the Vietnam era, teaching and building training programs rather than serving overseas. Drawn to the study of the brain, he pursued psychiatry, doing research as a young medical student under William Kemp Clark, studying neurology in England, and working with Anna Freud, with support from his chairman Bob Stubblefield. He witnessed major changes in psychiatry, including safer tranquilizers that replaced lobotomies and insulin therapy. Raised in a family more devoted to the labor movement than religious ceremony, he later became active in Dallas Jewish life and spent some twenty-five years reviving and leading the Holocaust program at UT Dallas, determined to preserve that history. He and Barbara have three children and six grandchildren.
He and Barbara have three children and six grandchildren, and he offered advice to raise people with a light hand, to lead rather than manage, to prize stamina and fitness, and always to be kind.
Full Transcript
1935 new york city let's just go back for a moment talk to me about when you were just a little boy what was life like in new york well we lived in the bronx which is that was essentially a jewish ghetto not a ghetto in the later sense of the word and it was a very nice peaceful attractive place to be for me as a little boy lived close to the park lived across the street from the school the neighborhood was composed essentially of jewish people with some small sprinkling of blacks and protestants we had some catholic people in the neighborhood but they didn't go
to school with us the only way we knew they were catholics they had black shoes what's the significance of that well they were black shoes church oh okay okay and the school was a public school ps61 which was an excellent school as i realized down the road compared to dallas compared to highland park it was a school composed of the children of immigrants there was no running around the halls the teachers were strict the curriculum was strict and everybody understood this was a form of work that would lead you to a form of work better than perhaps your parents or grandparents right now tell me
about your parents what did your dad do my father was when he came out of world war one and there was two wars then after world war one he was not he was the austrian army and then that tapered off into what was known as the russo-polish war and he was very fortunate in the army and that is that he was appointed an aide to a polish count and as a result his main task was to find cigarettes and alcohol for the polish count get him into his horse so he wouldn't fall off and he ultimately went into the polish army now that was a
different story the polish army was very anti-semitic and when he went back to his hometown which was pilsner tour czech slovakia his brother-in-law had i hate to say usurped he took over the family bakery they had been in that business for hundreds years and my father realized this was not a good place for anyone ambitious he was literate he received commendations in the military and rose the rank of corporal which seems pretty low by american standards but nonetheless for him it was all right and he left pilsnow ultimately married a woman who was in a way qualified to be called relative by jewish terms my
dad's sister had married her uncle so he already had an entree into that family he helped me married her and came to the united states in later years he felt his ambition was to study economics at a good school my brother felt if he had studied it it probably would have ruined him but he was interested in the labor movement and when he came to the united states he quickly found work which was a standard procedure lived with a sister another standard procedure and took five years to get my mother into the united states legally because he wanted to do everything exactly right and she
did come through ellis island but one of the other portals and they sent for their siblings and his he became a labor organizer while being a baker now he was he was a bright fluent man but he didn't speak english well he spoke some but very little haltingly but he was fluent in certainly polish yiddish german he can't get by in russian and some in check but english was necessary and he proceeded to start organizing labor unions after an interesting experience where he stood in line for his paycheck and the pay master said this is for two weeks you don't get anything this week so
he had a choice of either working another week free or leaving which he left and figured a way to take over a german baker's union and because he could speak with him he could keep records and curse of yiddish which no policeman could read and he proceeded to organize this into a baker's union and stayed with this a certain amount of time as a baker or even worked sometimes full time for the union also wrote some things for the forwards and he enjoyed doing those things what year was this thing this is 19 oh about 19. my mother came in 1929. black friday was her welcome to united states this was really you know late 20s and throughout up until the 40s right right so they got here right during the depression well no they were there in the 20s my mother came here later because it took that long because when there were a lot of restrictive anti-immigration laws right that were passed smith mccarran i think was one of them uh but he was he knew how to work hard think fast world war one he was in the austrian army correct okay okay what did he do during the war one of the things he did was he
was stationed at auschwitz and auschwitz was a big railroad junction and that's why it was entirely suitable for its later employment and he kept records and warehouses he took people on tours to see that the the goods that were supposed to be were there and he learned that if you took a bag of salt and put in about 10 inches of flour it would pass for flour so he kind of understood the system which was you know a fairly corrupt system by its day tell me about your grandparents now i never knew my grandparents my my father's father died during the world and he couldn't
even get leave to come home his mother died of old age on my maternal side that grandfather i think he also died of old ages no clear knowledge of him the paternal side had cancer in his stomach throughout the colon it could have been anywhere and his mother we don't know at all but she would they were quite old because my father and mother were both the children of large typically pre-contraceptive europe so they're all going to have five six children and uh so these grandparents were quite elderly when you were young you left new york to come down to dallas when you're about 10
or 11 years old yes sir turned 11. what was the reason well other families had become to had started leaving the northeast and had some had gone to oklahoma and texas but they converged on dallas the war froze everything and my father had planned to move down here seeing how the other part of the family was doing well and he was tired of battling the typical union wars of the day the communists were impossible to deal with they would take burr their way into a union and destroy it and that's well documented and it depends on what you look at some are better documented than others so really was for economic improvement and
to join our family and what was that like for you to be that age and moving across the country well i remember my daughter when she had transfer schools and and she'd gone a hockey day and i said what do you think it was like for me julia when i left the bronx to holland park she anticipated i would say how hard it was actually it was very easy my brother had come a couple months earlier because he was starting home park high school he told me well the campus is like a college which was universal university for a grade school and when i got
there well from almost the first i can't say the first day but within a few weeks it was clear that i was way way ahead of my classmates so they promoted me quickly to another class but when i got to the other class i was way ahead of them too so they thought about promoting me but my parents in some wise way knew that i would have to change the junior high school which was another geographical issue and uh frankly i wasn't even sure the junior high school was i knew it was going to be somewhere in the in the neighborhood or not too far
so i would say the transition was very easy and based upon the uh receptivity of the people and the and some of the people i know or i met say in that first year i still see them very regularly and and very frequently i still swim at the same swimming pool but i'm the last of the people who can go off the high board you were a young kid down here did you have dreams of becoming a doctor no not particularly i don't remember having any dreams about anything we just played and enjoyed ourselves and and it was an easy atmosphere and uh some of
my friends their parents didn't mind if they had lots of comic books in the house right you know there wasn't any television but we you know listened to a lot of radio listened to gospel music it really was a continuation of a different idol but it was idyllic nonetheless yeah now when you were a young kid you know did you get involved with the yankees or the dodgers or the giants at all yes occasionally we would go to yankees games and there was a thing called the cvdo the civilian defense organization that if you turned in a certain number of cans of of greece or
newspaper they would give you tickets that were sponsored by the police athletic league that was called the pal and my brother sometimes would take me or maybe some friends or a father and we'd yes we would go to a yankees game and we would try to maybe get the autograph of somebody no one ever caught a baseball but yes we did occasionally see games did you ever get an autograph well i'm not sure if i got it or not because my brother got it but he figured out being a bright fella that who knew what how these people's autographs looked anyway so uh probably on
a rare occasion did get an autograph in in dallas i got one uh and it was a i can't remember it was ty cobb or honest wagner or one of those people at an exhibition game that they had with the uh the texans in dallas that was in about 1940 seven or eight i did also get an autograph of babe ruth and we had two of them and then somehow we thought that maybe that really belonged to my brother so in late adult life i probably was in my 50s i sent it to him thinking well maybe this was yours not mine i had a
good relationship with my brother was he grateful to get that yes but it did he he then decided well maybe these things might have been printed maybe he was right where did you go to high school park what was it like for you it was also it was real nice i was one of the smaller guys but there were a lot of small guys and then there were people who really were substantially bigger and those people obviously had a better athletic life than some of the smaller guys but school was not terribly difficult it was nice social times you know the teachers were really almost
all pretty nice to us and i i thought it was very enjoyable i still remember a high percentage of teachers and a very high percentage of my classmates and i've participated i would say in almost all the reunions at some level to help organization organize them now after high school did you go into the surface round of knowledge no i went directly to college i graduated as many people did in those years not the bulk of them but i was 16 when i graduated as my brother and other people and i was young and and i continued another version of highland park which was smu
i had not planned to go to smu or stay at smu my brother was at rice at the time and and although it it was a different era that to have two kids in in school is it was a a strain on most families of course and but i was doing so well and having even more fun at smu than i any prior years that i didn't want to upset the apple cart now where did you meet your wife my wife dated my girlfriend's brother and he was a nice fella the fellow that my wife dated he became a doctor his father was a doctor
i knew his father was an unusual man occasionally he would make a house call on horseback in preston hollow he was a grandiose kind of fella but i liked him and there was nothing wrong with my girlfriend but i was in uh it was in the 1950s i was already medical school i was spending a month on the uss saratoga and i found that i couldn't teach myself french but i could think about women so i thought of all these kind of people that i'd run into one way or another well and i'd call someone while i got home and that's why i met her
and was she receptive to that well yeah and then once you guys get married in 1960 in october of 1960. graduate from smu and then you go on to medical school yes where did you go i went to southwestern i had applied to yale but they were not interested in some particularly a younger student and they replied even by postcard which i saved you know it was an ignominious defeat um i had made good grades at smu and graduated with honors and departmental distinction in comparative literature and uh i went to southwestern because it certainly was the best school in this region and in those years no one would ever think of transferring and and uh it was not entirely a nice experience now when did
service service i was commissioned in 1956 because there were you know the talk of the berlin wall and korea and there were guys who came back from korea and they were way behind way behind for a lot of reasons not that they were dumb but they had not they had not been experienced in the type of tests we took they had never seen multiple multiple choice tests that's where if you guessed and missed you really were penalized they had a hard time most of them were married so i took a commission knowing that i would probably have to serve by agreement once i finished all
the training and everything which took eight years and i did a good job i went i went to reserve meetings went to summer duty did research did a lot of different things in the military in the summer in the 60s some i would go on some weekends too for which we were paid a very nominal amount i was smart enough to know not to take the king of shelling because somewhere they'd want to collect it right so i took minimal minimal minimal and then the 64. they greeted me into going on active duty for two years and that was a vietnam time correct now you didn't have to go to vietnam no no i didn't very difficult to hold on to doctors and so if they had a made some wise decisions we'll build up some teaching programs in the navy we'll give good benefits to the people who wanted to be trained that way and semi indentured them in some way they had to pay back enough time that they might even consider becoming regular navy and i went to washington they were looking for people with pedagogical skills so they asked me if
i wanted to teach at philadelphia which they really were trying to put in a first class unit or san diego and my view at that time i'd already studied in the east before i thought i would i would learn something in philadelphia and also i'd be further away from the pacific which nobody wanted to go now you went into psychiatry what was that decision well i was always interested in the brain and actually had done a fair amount of research as a freshman medical student and under a man named kemp clark william kemp clark who's the one who declared kennedy dead very fine fine person
he liked me i liked him and but i found neurosurgery very discouraging i found it discouraging what we did in those early years we saw brain tumors and most people died severe head trauma most of those people weren't the same afterward but i was interested in certain research aspects of it which which we executed successfully and then i had a chance to go to england also to study neurology which was really a far better experience than anyone could have gotten really in dallas and i had to simultaneously i was a resident in psychiatry in dallas and the chairman bob stubblefield whom who i liked and
he liked me liked my wife and so he okayed anything i wanted to do so i had a chance to study with anna freud so i had everything kind of in a good a good direction and i've always been very loyal i'm the last of the people who keep up with the widows of these two gentlemen i mentioned now you know when you were in the service and when you were already a doctor it was a very turbulent time in the country you know the the hippie movement and everything did you ever stop and think of why these certain events would take place was there
anything any kind of research done to that effect of why these different uh things were going on well i thought about it because i would i also talked to university of pennsylvania one morning a week too and i initiated a program because i went to the chairman i said you know you're teaching people to stop forgetting if they want to sleep with their mother and grandma they're going to see some really some sick people coming out of this war and they'll see him in the military hospital first i said send down some of your people and also i'd organize a geriatric program and but when
i saw and i wore a uniform on the campus which was a magnet for every kind of craziness possible but some respectful people too i shouldn't say it source or blanket way and and they were they'd curse me and spit at me and like i was napalming them most of them that i ever ran into even though i was very very sympathetic to certain aspects of it the most of them were having a jolly good time uh most of the people i ever saw you know and i and i believe there are conscientious objectors most of people objected and most people were really kind of
acting out within that group there's certainly a core of people that behaved in a perfectly orderly way even if they were disagreeing and and maybe wanted to obstruct some things but they were orderly right people but a lot of people this was just a you know another version of animal house and i saw a lot of those people a lot of them remember there were also riots at that time that were occurring there were race riots they had nothing to do with vietnam there's been so much advancement in technology over the years of course what came along that you looked at and said wow this
is really something special well i think uh with the advent of really some powerful tranquilizers that didn't poison you instantly you had a chance to put some sort of palatable straitjacket on people who are very very disturbed so that they would not harm themselves irreparably on other individuals now simultaneously with those kind of drugs about the same time came the hallucinogens which had the power to undo anything anyone could do they were causing the very hallucinations that we were trying to stop in other ways so i think the advent of safer drugs which has progressed i think the it eliminated then psychosurgery lobotomies eliminated insulin
therapy it put electroshock in a proper perspective which it really it really can be a very good therapy so i think those modalities as far as if you want to talk about the talking cure uh there really hasn't been too much change obviously everybody has a little ability to tweak something but if you saw five really distinguished psychotherapists from five different schools they would all resemble each other at some moment when it all was aggregated so when you talk about the major kinds of things in psychiatry those would be the major the departure from uh having a more fundamental organic approach to things which occurred
with the almost complete divorce of psychiatry and neurology probably was a bad idea but that's coming back together what do you mean by that well that now a lot of the research enters a more molecular level [Music] you know it is had given an opportunity to bring some fundamental science into the studies of the brain which certainly are involved you know yes there's a good psychosocial model but nonetheless there's there are biochemical things and the treatment also addictions which are still on the horizon have will have a tremendous potential tell me about your involvement now with the jewish community here in downtown my relatives all
belong to sheriff israel originally one way i know most of them drifted to temple emmanuel but not all not all and my father worked a lot so and because he felt the unions would save the world he really was politely disinterested in in the religious ceremonial aspects yes we did have seders with the family uh he did have a mezuzah my parents said moses on the door which i put on later years i never saw bar mitzvah until i was in my late 20s none of my friends said bar mitzvahs were my close friends and you know the temple was a place where you know
you went to a dance and try to stop giggling are you involved with the holocaust lecture series at all yes i doubt it okay tell me about that well i felt like this was a subject that would sooner or later drift further and further away from people's knowledge and that they may come to believe that this was just a peculiar era and i had made a decision to try to do something out when i was in the military because i would ask people in a hospital what is the difference between the congo and the viet cong they didn't know what's the difference between a jail
on a concentration camp they didn't know so i realized more and more that something had to reserve be preserved out of all this right so it was a very conscious decision there was already a holocaust program at utd the museum was sort of getting going here too i was asked by a fellow to to try to take over uh as the president of of the holocaust program at utd they had tremendous backing from utd hobson-wilwinthal the provost still is very valuable so i just took it over and i gave it cpr it's taken 25 years to do this it went an overnight kind of process
and i had people that i knew real well that i got them interested and some are really interested because they liked me they had no fundamental interest and and i asked gentile friends and jewish friends happiest time in your life i had lots of lots of fun times happy periods where i could say unhappy would be easier medical school was an unhappy period why was that well there was a lot of harassment there was a lot of fear we had some legacy professors there these were professors who came out of the temporary world war ii shacks that they built for the medical students i was
never in those shacks but these were legacy professors and they were bitter kind of people and when you're again like when you're 21 years old and the dean who's chairman of physiology said i didn't ask you to come here but i can send you home and there were incidents like that there were instances of very capable people who just could not stand the harassment and the harassment almost never stopped there were certainly exceptions there were certainly times where there were professors who were asked to other people but didn't harass me and but i saw it but i did see my own the fellows students when
they were more important they were residents by that time that they harassed other people just like they were and i'd remind him of it in your lifetime you've lived through so many momentous occasions of course through the vietnam era president kennedy assassination something good in 69 the first moon landing of course the tragedy of 9 11. was there something in your lifetime that really stood out that affected you you said wow i know exactly where i was when that happened well i know where i was certainly when the kennedy assassination and i remember very clearly when i was shot and bob jackson took the pulitzer prize winning picture i knew bob he was just i knew him and i remember all those things i did not join the fracas to go down there i felt like everybody wanted to be part of history and indeed the number of people who've shoe her on their way into history terribly and accurately had nothing to do
with it but i do remember those occasions there's a sad occasion because dallas is our home very sad but there were other other things that happened that are very trivial catching a big fish shooting a first deer sing something at a museum going to a great party there are lots and lots of things but that's my attitude now you and barbara three kids six grandkids yes what advice does granddad want to leave to the next generation there's no formula for raising children so i think it's better to raise people with a light hand rather than a heavy hand you know it's better to attempt to
lead than manage and that's true in business too another thing is that your career and i've said his residence may be more affected by stamina than your brightness so fitness is an important feature of uh attrition i will give you the advice that my mother gave me and that's always be kind which i think that's one of the best ways my attorney always said only get married once as good as state planning and my father always said just work hard and and we we all worked hard and i think it's been a good advice i do think that you know you have to have a
lot in common with anyone you could be married to a long period of time my dad was married over 70 years my brother and his probably 54 years 55 years you have to have some something in common with them you did a great job today thanks for doing this