Mollie Novin
Mollie Novin was born in Chicago to parents who had emigrated from Warsaw. She was one of eleven children, among the youngest along with a brother who was fourteen months apart from her. Her father, a businessman who had once traded in imports and exports such as furs between Europe and the United States, established a jewelry business in Chicago and represented four generations of jewelers in the family. Suffering from asthma and seeking a better climate, he sought a new home and, finding Dallas already a sizable and modern town compared to smaller Texas cities, moved the family there in 1899 when Mollie was about eight or nine years old.
In Dallas the family lived in what was called East Dallas, in a cottage on Olive Street near the father's jewelry store on Elm and Pearl, so he could come home for meals. Mollie attended a public school on Jackson Street and graduated from Bryan High School. As the family prospered they moved to South Dallas on Bellevue Street, where their neighbors included the Rothschilds and Rabbi Frum. Mollie married in 1912 in a ceremony performed by Mr. Frum, who served the community as rabbi, shochet, and mohel. Her husband, from Chicago, had come to Dallas as a young man, worked for her father, and then entered the jewelry and loan business himself. The couple lived on Harwood, Hickory, and Park Row before later homes on Purdue and finally an apartment.
A lifelong member of Sherith Israel, Mollie recalled its early Orthodox services where men and women sat separately, first on Commerce Street, then Jackson Street, and later at synagogues on Park and Eakin and on Grand Avenue. She kept a kosher, observant home for many years and remembered the sharp divide between Orthodox and Reform Jews in her youth, recalling being treated coldly at the Reform Sunday school and later resigning from the Council of Jewish Women. She belonged to Hadassah, B'nai B'rith, and the Sherith Israel Sisterhood, and enjoyed the Jonathan Club. She raised children who pursued college and careers, and she recounted an encounter in which her husband intervened with the Ku Klux Klan to protect Jewish merchants in East Dallas.
Full Transcript
We're talking with Mrs. Molly, December the 6th 1977 and we're talking with Mrs. Molly Novin who's been in Dallas many years. How many years have you been in here? Well I came here in 1899. Let's see, 1899, and the next year would be 100, would be... 1900, right. Yeah. I came here in 19... No. Then 1890, and then be 1901, wouldn't it? 1900. Well, we came here in 1890, and the next year would be 1900, wouldn't it? No, 1899 would be... 1899. 19 years. So the year before the turn of the century then as well. Uh-huh. The year before the turn of the century? The what?
Year before 1900 then? No, yes. In 1900 I remember very distinctly because my sister got married. Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Were you born in the United States? No, oh yes. Yes, I was born in Chicago. Did your father come to this country from another? Yes, he came here from Warsaw. My mother and father both. I see. And when did they come to the United States? Oh, honey, I really don't know that because we had 11 children in the family. And my brother and I were the two the last ones. So it's been many years ago. Do you know why they happened to leave Europe? They just wanted to come to the United States like everybody else did.
You mentioned that you came from Chicago. Yes, we came straight from Chicago. Did your father come straight to Chicago? Yes, uh-huh. Yes, in 18... 18... 99? Yeah, 1899. Now, why did he happen to pick Dallas? Why did he happen to pick Dallas to come to? He was sick He had asthma And there was no cure for him and they thought if we change climate it would help them which it did and we lived here ever since. What where did you move to when you first came to Dallas? Do you remember what part of the city? Well where the Sheridan Hotel is right now. Oh really?
On Olive Street. That was right near my father's store. My father's store was on Elm Street, Ellum & Pearl. Uh-huh. And we had a nice little cottage on on Olive, on Olive Street. Do you remember the Cross Street then? No, the only one that I remember was Ellen, Maine, and Commerce. On Commerce Street, the synagogue was on, the first synagogue was on Commerce Street. Now was that Temple Emanuel or was that Sheriff Israel? No, that was Sheriff Israel. Is it? It was very, it was a very religious synagogue at that time. I remember the men and women sat separate, you know. Was that near Jackson Street perhaps?
Huh? Was that perhaps Perhaps near Jackson? Yes, that's where it's on Jackson. And then from Jackson, oh they lived, we had that synagogue on Jackson for many years. And then from Jackson it moved to Park Avenue. Right? Right, right. How old were you when you came to Dallas? I think I must have been either eight or nine years old, just old enough to remember all these things. And astonished that when we came here, the town was so settled with quite a few of Jewish people. And the temple was on Irby Street at that time. and from Irby it moved to South Boulevard and then from South Boulevard it moved over here what was the Jewish community like what did I do what was the Jewish community like I always time Oh it was lovely Yes it was lovely On Saturday we have the men and the women would sit separately And on Friday night, now Mr.
Fromm, he was everything. He was a rabbi, he was a shechet, he was a mole, he was everything. And in fact, he married my husband and I. Oh, really? What year was that? huh what year was that then let's see it was let's see I would have been married 65 I was married 65 years you're so that's about 1912 yeah 1912. 1912. Did he speak when he spoke to the congregation did he speak in English or did he speak in Yiddish? Who was that? From? Oh yes in Yiddish. In Yiddish were all of his sermons in Yiddish? Yes. Was there a Hebrew school at that time at Sheriff Israel?
In what? Was there a Hebrew school or religious school no no there wasn't a hebrew school or religious school when i was growing up was there any type of religious at the time we got a hebrew school was when we moved from jackson to park avenue and then we got more modern built a beautiful synagogue and got a rabbi and had sunday school and the boys were bar mitzvahed and the girls were confirmed and do you remember whether there were bar mitzvahs in the school on jackson street no there was no none was there any ceremony when the boy was 13 uh you remember friday night uh sermon saturday morning sermon but uh there was no hebrew school well when the boys became 13 Well now, by that time I think why we already had moved to Park Avenue.
And of course there was lots of boys that become 13 that just... Did they read a Haftarah or did they come up to the Torah at all Yeah they had Torah Did they come up and bless the Torah No that I don remember because I never went on Saturdays And on Saturdays it was very religious that I do remember And Mr. Frum kept it, old man Frum, as I say, he was everything. He was a shechit, he was the rabbi, and he was everything, you know. and he but I I don't remember now as I think the show was still on Jackson when the boys started going to Hebrew school when they opened up the Hebrew school I really don't remember and I don't remember the first rabbi they came here either we had so many yes yes too many rabbis and i don't remember uh you mentioned that we did have a jewish butcher shop even in those days yes yeah there was jewish but she shop and he was he shagged rosenthal mr from mr promise he was everything and who did the rosenthal's i believe you said i know i don't think i don't know whether the rosenthal's had the butcher shop i think they did I think they had the butcher shop and that was on I think either Pearl Street or it was way down in here it was either Elam or Pearl but I know that when we moved here there was quite a few lovely department stores which I was surprised Sanga Brothers is here yes Sanger and Taichy Gettingchurch was here.
Small stores but lovely stores. And Goldsmith, a very exclusive store. And of course I was so young at that time that, but as I grow older, I reminisced myself. And I was surprised to move into a place like this from a big city and seeing all these established places. Yes. They had a loan store, a loan office. Mr. Goldstein was the proprietor of it. and they had quite a few tailor shops and quite a few gents furnishings and they didn't have any exclusive yes they had an exclusive lady shop by the name of goldsmith as i grew older i was about 11 12 13 years old about that time what were some of the trades you mentioned the tailor shops were Were there any other trades that Jewish people, other than department stores and uh...
Only what I'm telling you. Uh huh. That you think of it. Sanger Brothers was here and the Taiti and Gettingchers was here and uh then small little exclusive stores, Goldsmiths were here and um there could have been some more, I, you know I can't quite remember. Sure. jewelry stores? Well my father had a jewelry store there was quite a few jewelry stores and there were quite a few competitors but the competitors are very good so that's what we had when we were in Chicago we moved our jewelry store down here. Was your father always a jeweler or did he change his profession? There's four generations of us in the jewelry business.
Did he start as a watchmaker or goldsmith? No. Or did he just start in the trade? When he came here from Europe, he was in Europe. He wasn't a jewelry man. He, they traded in, I remember him telling me, He used to go back and forth from the States to Europe. He was bringing things there and import and export. He himself was. And like furs and things like that. And then he went into the jewelry business when he came here to Chicago. I see, I see. Um, what about real estate? Were Jews involved in real estate here in Dallas? No Was Mr Miller here I wish they had but they didn No because where we lived as I say the big hotels are there now The Sheridan Hotel was built there It wasn there at the time when we came but as a year has been by the Sheridan built that and then later on we had the crystal we had the Oriental Hotel and I guess you've heard about all that.
Now the Oriental Hotel is where the ambassador no the Adolphus is. Again, the Adolphus wasn't there at the time. No, but as I grew older, like a young lady, you know, 15, 16, 17 years old, then we had the Adolphus Hotel, the Oriental Hotel, and, and, um. Where was the bulk, where were the bulk of the Jewish community, most of the Jews? Did they live in one area that you remember? Yes, they all lived what they called North Dallas, but we never did Because we live right there my father's store. I see which was on our street just like I told you and We never lived in North Dallas and then from North Dallas.
There was a North Dallas in the South Dallas and the reforms lived in South Dallas and they their temple was on Irby Street and it was just a one-story brick building and they did have a rabbi but he was just a rabbi I forgot his name and then the second temple that they built was on on South Boulevard. Could have been Greenberg at the time? I believe it was. Does that sound familiar? Yes, uh-huh. Can you remember some of the streets in old North Dallas where the Jewish population was? North Dallas? Yeah, where the conservative. I never went to North Dallas. Do you remember some of the streets?
Alamo, the only street I remember was Alamo Street. That was the main street everybody had there, but she shops there and there are grocery stores and you know. know but I wasn familiar with noise dollars because where I lived it was quite a distance Yes Let see Do you remember this cross street on Olive Was it Bryan Yes. No, it wasn't Bryan. I went to Bryan High School, however. No, I don't remember because when I came here I was about eight years old. those things you know and then as I grew older why then we moved to South Dallas I see was it close to the high school in that general area yes no it was about walking distance from my father's store I see well that were there there were shops then in old North Dallas like the butcher shop and yeah there was one butcher shop commercial type yes well yeah were there bakeries yeah and I'm Yes, I think there was a bakery shop by the name of Goodman.
Because when my sister got married, she got married in 1900. And they baked her as a gift and a newcomer her wedding cake. And I think they were Jewish. I think they were. I don't quite remember. Yeah, I wasn't interested in them. Sure. Do you remember if the bakery shops baked the challahs for Friday or did most of the women back their own? I don't remember. I imagine if they if if there was challahs and things like that they did bake them because those that were strictly Orthodox was strictly Orthodox and I didn't mix with the reforms because they lived on one part you know we lived we lived right in the center we didn't live in north dollars we didn't live in south dollars we just lived what they called east dollars uh-huh you know my father just wanted us near the store so he could come home and have his meals and uh and my mother used to go to the store when he come home and uh so we just lived in the center of all of this so i don't remember the north dollars nor do i remember this then we moved to south dollars where all the reforms were and but i didn't go to temple and uh but i uh in fact uh i didn go to Sunday school at all because we had no Sunday school I see I see What type of Jewish education did you have then Or did you What?
Have any type of Jewish education? No, I didn't go to Hebrew school. Did a teacher come in? My brother did. Uh-huh. He did go to Hebrew school? Yes, oh yes, he was bar mitzvahed and he went to Hebrew school. Well, now did a teacher... No, I think they were just teachers. I don't think, we didn't have a rabbi, that I know for an awful long time. I see. But I do know that the Jewish people at that particular time was sitting separately. The women sat upstairs, the men sat downstairs. and Mr. Fromm, as I said, was the big cheese here, you know. He did everything.
He was a shechet, and he married the people, and he lived to a very ripe old age. In fact, his children opened up Fromm's Jewish butcher shop. I guess you heard about that. Yes. Was he also a rabbi or did he act as the rabbi? No, he wasn't. No, he didn't pretend to be a rabbi. Okay. But he knew Jewish and he knew Hebrew and he could translate. And so he was just the whole thing that I do remember. I see. I see. Now, did you have any kind of teacher that came to the home during any period of time? Jewish teachers when there was no school?
They had this little room at the synagogue on Jackson Street. I see. I see. That was in later years. Now what about high school? Well you went to, what grammar school did you go to? We went to, now I went to Bryan High School. I don't remember the name of the public school that I went to, but it was on Jackson Street. It was also on Jackson Street. That I do remember. And I graduated from Bryan High. Did you go on to any normal schools? Oh, you know after I graduated from Bryan High I stayed home. Did you work outside now? No, you know, well my father wasn't the kind of a man, but he wanted his children to work.
And we had this nice jewelry store, so we all were brought up in the jewelry business. And I used to go down and keep books for them and things like that, but he didn't believe in girls other girls did but my father didn't he believed in girls either staying at home and becoming housewives or uh but not working women did many of the girls uh stay home or did they go out and no some of them all some of them went to be stenographers and uh mostly all my friends bookkeeping and things like that but I didn't did many of them go on to colleges no nobody went to college at that time they couldn't afford it and of course after I grew up and got married why then they start going you know the girls and boys all started going to colleges and but my our little family didn't.
There was my brother and myself which was we were 14 months apart and then I had a sister that was five years older than I was and then my oldest sister they got married then we had an older brother and there was five of us in the family and but none of us had college education couldn't afford it at that time if you went through school you did good did your mother also help in the store you mentioned you mentioned that your mother went down to the store when your father came home for lunch yes did she also help in the store during the day
or just during the lunch just just during the lunch hour she didn't know very much about the jewelry business but she didn't know and she couldn't speak very good English but she didn't know enough that she could hold her own in the store you know and of course we had someone work for us at all at all times Mm And um Were there any kind of English classes or were there any type of English classes for the people that came from Europe to help them adjust to the language in the community no nothing I know of honey because you see I was the baby sure
and those that spoke English I guess went to school and so I don't know what in my father's time there wasn't mm-hmm and my father mother came over I've never heard them speak of it you know yes they came right from from Varsha to Chicago where all of his family you know that one family took care of the other yes you know yes and after his brothers and uncles and brought the whole family to Chicago while then we were on our own. And I remember my dad telling us that he used to sit and tell us things that would happen, you know, and most of them would put packs on their back, but my father never did.
went right away into the uh into the jewelry business he was born just born a businessman and uh he opened up this great big jewelry store well we had a big jewelry store in chicago and he came down here to look for where we where he could settle us and every city that he saw was like Fort Worth and Austin and Tyler and all those places were small and he just couldn't see us settling there but when he came to Dallas why surprisingly uh he liked it it was uh it was already a bigger town you know and uh and he opened up the store right away and we came on down we We came down in October.
I remember that very distinctly. Dressed like, like North America with fur-lined shoes and fur-lined coats and things like that. We had a strip from head to foot. It was so warm just like it was here Sunday Yes And I remember that so vividly we came in and the the railroad was right near my father store the trains used to we could hear the trains back up and go and you know so on and forth it was just about two blocks from my dad on the other side and then they separated the downtown district called it East Dallas and in East Dallas is where all the Jewish people migrated and opened up haberdashers and tater shops and things like that you know was that perhaps near where Hall or Oak Lawn comes in?
Not Oak Lawn, Live Oak comes in? No, we were close to Live Oak, but that was on Elm and Pearl or Olive. Okay, okay, okay. No, not Oakland. I see. Okay, that's what they later called where the pawn shops were. Is that possible? No. Deep Elm? Is that possible? No, pawn shops were on Elm Street. And the other, oh and the other was north of Elm, like Ross perhaps? What? Your father's store. My father's store was right in town. It's still there for that concern. The store is still there. Oh. And uh, everything was just like in a, just like in a circle. The railroad station was on one corner, two blocks away from my daddy.
daddy was between Ellum and between Pearl and Olive okay and and I don't remember all this all the side streets you know but I do remember there was Ella main and commerce with three of the main stores sure but the little cross street I certainly don't remember them certainly certainly what about the Jews in South Dallas you said that the reformed Jews had many of them had settled in South Dallas what were some of the streets that they had settled on the American well there was an Irving and a occurred now after we moved from the small home and we progressed why we moved to South Dallas where the reformed Jews were and not that we wanted to be reformed reformed Jew it was just an opportunity and my father bought a home I was about 15 16 years old about that time.
What was the address? Do you remember? No. Do you remember the street? Yes the the street let's see it was right near Sears and Roebuck on perhaps and I don't perhaps Lamar I know that we were right near Irby Street we're right off of Irby oh and Irby and Ackerd was considered two of the prominent streets and dollars you know right if you lived on Irby or Ackerd why right was it perhaps like Browder or was it south near no it was south it was north of Browder north of Browder oh it could have passed Browder to come to our place Bellevue okay Bellevue and we lived in there on Bellevue Street I must have been about 15 years old when we moved there because I was already going with young men and it was starting home my father bought it was ours and my father progressed very well for European man you know about how long did you live there?
Where? On Bellevue until I got married in 1912. Do you remember how many years that was, about how many years from the time you moved? No. I'm the Jewish resident. Well how many years that you lived on Bellevue? Oh how many years? Well let's see. I was 19 years old when I got married. I think I must have lived on Bellevue Street about five years or six years, something like that. Where did you move then? Huh? Where did you move? What was your next address? That's all. Well, when you got married. Then I went for myself. Well, when you moved, when you got married, where did you move to?
Oh, where did I move? On Harwood Street. Do you remember what the cross street was? Was it north or south? Was it still in South Town? No it was further up. It was uptown, you know, not towards the business section. It was way up. It was north of uh... Yeah it was on... North near Cedar Springs then perhaps? Oh no Cedar Springs was in North Dallas. Okay. Was it north of Elm? Yes. Uh-huh. Yeah, north of Elm and Maine. It was way up. It was close to... Did anyone tell you anything about Wall Street? No. Well, it was two blocks away from Wall Street. On Wall Street, mostly all the Jews lived.
Wall Street? Uh-huh. Was that near Ross? No, Ross was north. We lived south. Okay. See, Ross Street is where, close to the high school. Yes. But yet it was north of Mountain Street. Were you living here in Dallas all your life? Yes. Yes. Okay. I'm sure they've changed the name. What was your maiden name? Chesnick. What? Chesnick, C-H-E-S-N-I-C-K. Chesnick. Oh, Chesnick. I don't think I ever heard of that name. No, it's not the usual. Does all this sound familiar to you? Yes. Some of the streets have changed, like Wall Street. I'd have to check that. Wall Street? Could it be Hall? There's still a wall street.
There is. Now, what about the Farith Israel? Where did the population, did they also live in old North Dallas? Yes, North Dallas. Well, you shouldn't do that if you lived in Dallas. Yes yes yes yes Did a lot of the Sheriff Israel people live in the same neighborhood as the Sheriff as the Teferath Israel What hill did you go to Sheriff Israel Did a lot of the Teferath Israel people live in the same neighborhood as the sheriff Yes, as far as living concerned, it didn't make any difference because they already had migrated from North Dallas to South Dallas. and uh and they built they had a beautiful shul in north dollars but they built a beautiful one on grand avenue yes and uh and the same uh congregation moved all around you know and And they built a beautiful shul.
And they got lots of money for it. And then they built this shul. They stayed there longer than we did. Because we stayed, Sheriff Israel stayed from, I don't remember the years or the dates. But I know that we went to, what was the next street, next show they built. They built three shows. They had the one downtown on Commerce, and then they had one on near the City Park. Yes, that's Park in Aiken. A park, a park, a park road? No, park and Eakin. It was on the corner of Park and Eakin. Yes, that's right. Of course, we lived there. Yes. And Bellevue Street was just west of that.
That's where Shears and Roebuck was and all. I see. See? I see. And it was walking distance from my folks because my folks were very religious. and until Papa and Mama both could walk anymore and we didn't want them to walk at night to Friday night to show so they only went for the holidays it didn't you remember that hotel that was on Irby street yes the ambassador yeah but we used to stay there for the holidays oh two days rest of the shoulder We have our dinner and then wash up our dishes and straighten up the kitchen and the house house and then we move to to the park City Park Hotel Well that where I lived was around the City Park How did you observe the holidays as a child?
What do you mean? Oh well um you You remember the lady years? Oh, as you were growing up, the traditional... Orthodox. Orthodox. Uh-huh. Was Pesach observed traditionally? Was there kosher kept? Oh, yes, everything. Yeah, we had a very kosher home. What about sukkah? Did you have a sukkah? Yeah. Your dad built a sukkah? Did anybody stay in the sukkah all during the holidays? No, we just had it for tradition, you know, to let us know that it was Purum and so on and so forth. What about Shavua? Huh? Shavua, did you stay out of school for all of the holidays? Yes. That was something that you did do.
We used to observe the holidays. did you do anything special for Hanukkah no at that time Hanukkah was Hanukkah we used to exchange gifts you know the children and I do the same thing right now I told my grandchildren I said I'm not going to remember you children for the Hanukkah now from now on I'm just going to remember remember the great grandbaby so well I have eight of them did you all like Hanukkah candles did you like Hanukkah candles at home yes I didn't but they did yeah they now my son is Ralph Nauvin his son is Harold Nauvin our Harold goes the temple and she's a school teacher there she teaches on Saturday and Sunday and she comes from st Louis so she very she very strict about the holidays did some of your family remain in Sheriff Israel We all in Sheriff Israel I still am in Sheriff Israel But the younger generation went to Temple.
Now my son just went to Temple, joined the Temple about five years ago. Because his wife didn't, she didn't enjoy the, she can't read Hebrew, so she didn't enjoy the services so they went over to temple but I remained in sheriff Israel I've been there for so many years I just couldn't do couldn't do it that way after you lived on Harwood where did you move and when do you remember Well, on Horowitz Street was my first little home. And then from there, I had my first baby on Horowitz Street. And then I moved. I can't think of the name right now. But then I lived there five years and my husband bought a home on Park Road.
But you were still in South Dallas from Harwood. Oh yes. Oh yes. I never moved to North Dallas. I never was in North Dallas. I had friends that lived there but I never lived there. When you moved from Harwood to this other house, was it farther south, towards South Dallas? It was just about the same distance, only nicer. You know, I improved myself as we went along and was a little larger home, already had a child. And then I had another little girl. And then we moved to Park Row where all the Jews, you know, the Reforms and the Orthodox lived there then. Do you remember the year or about the year that you moved to Park Row?
No, I don't. I should remember, let's say it's been many years ago. My youngest daughter was a year old and she's 53 years old now, so quite a few years. 1926, well 1924 I believe. whatever yeah be 1920 Do you remember the cross street or near what street it was on Park Road? On Park Road. Uh-huh. Or the address? Whitehall, Hand. Now I know that Forest Avenue High School was there. I guess you remember that too. Well, South Boulevard and then Park Road. Uh-huh. Uh-huh. And those were the three main streets. But the cross streets, I... You don't know if it was Jeffreys or Oakland or Atlanta or...
I was too far away from Oakland. I was further back east. Okay. From Oakland. Okay. It was close perhaps to Brown School? Yes my children went to Brown School. They all went to Brown School. I only lived a block from Brown School. And my son was already, I think he was in first grade already. And then my oldest daughter, she was still in kindergarten, and then I had a baby. Were there kindergartens then, or was it private kindergarten? No, no, it was public. There were public kindergartens at that time? Yes. Okay. Mm-hmm. Okay. How long did you live on Park Road? Do you remember? Oh, I lived there an awful long time.
I lived on Park Road until my husband passed away, and he passed away in 1912. No, in 19, we got married in 1912. He passed away 14, he passed away 17 years ago. 1960 perhaps? And then I moved to Purdue. Bought a little two-bedroom house there and lived there until I moved here and I'm living here 14 years. Do you remember how long you'd moved in part of Purdue? How long did you live on Purdue? Oh I must have lived there about 10 years So it would be about 1940 late 40s or until 1950 that you lived there on Park Road I see Or the 50s Could have been something to raise in the 50s Yeah I married 65 years So uh Do you feel that you moved along with the general trend of the Jewish population?
with the younger generation yes I was right up with them well with the Jewish population with a lot of the Jewish population oh sure what was it like living in South Dallas what was it like living in South Dallas I don't know quite what you mean well were there a lot of Jewish population that were how many of of your neighbors were Jewish. Oh, yes. Did the kids stay home from school? Sure, South Dallas is where all the Reforms and all the Orthodox got together, and we had nothing but Jewish people there. Did the Reform kids and the Orthodox kids... They start mixing then, the children, you know.
Yeah. What about before then and some of the differences you saw they were very uh distance you're an orthodox i'm a reformer even when i went to temple i wanted to go to sunday school so bad when i was eight nine years old maybe ten years old and uh how they ever knew that i was uh orthodox i'll never know because my father used to dress us beautiful and as far as clothes concerned and I we were very modern we weren't the old-fashioned Jewish people and and I was treated very very ugly the first two three Sundays and I said uh-uh I came home and I said this is it no more and I never did mingle with the reforms.
What did they do? Did they not talk to you? They just ignored. They just say well you orthodox and we reforms and and I just couldn stand that because I felt like I was just as good as they were Only they were reformed They didn have any different clothes than I did They didn look any different than I did But they were brought up that way It wasn't because they themselves were that way. They were brought up that way. You're an Orthodox and I'm a reform. But when things got bad in Europe and the war came along, why it changed everything you know that yourself and my husband was quite a worker and he got more of the reform boys work for him soliciting and everything else and he could get the Orthodox and he was very proud of this second generation the first generation were very haughty people but the second generation wasn't about what year was that oh honey I don't remember that now you're talking about the first world war the second world war during first first world war then there was what about the involvement of the more orthodox Jewish community
did they not get involved in working in the community or did they later oh yes in our own we had our own community we had we had our show and we had Sunday school for the girls and boys and they didn't have anything that we didn't have but as I said they were brought up the euro you are a reform uh they i don't say that they came out like that but that's the way it was right that's the way they acted and uh and we're orthodox and i uh in 1912 my aunt made me a member of the council of jewish women of the
sheriff israel of sisterhood and membership of the temple of the of the sheriff Israel and those were all wedding gifts and I remember we went to the Council of Jewish Women and I only went three times and I resigned Why Because I just didn't like the way they treated us. There was any kind of social function like you was an Orthodox. They always made you feel like you're an Orthodox. And I felt like I was as good as they are. We're all Jewish people. Why? I couldn't understand why and I said to the girls I says I am NOT going to belong to the Council of Jewish Women I belong to it now because now it's universe you're you're you're you and I mine but when I was much younger why they used to hurt my feelings very much and I wouldn't allow that certainly what kind of activities did they do in those days?
Well they they started out doing you know just like they do now they there was quite a few see the Orthodox they were formed children they went to already to college and of course my children went to college too and while my children weren't in the community like like some children are you know and my daughter when she graduated high school she went to college one year and she played around and so she was a cosmetic girl at Tachi Ettinger's and I guess she's much younger than much older than you are I don't know but she's married 35 years so she must be much older and but she used to work for Max Factor she was a beautiful young lady and my youngest daughter went through college and she took up interior dreckery and my My son is an attorney, but he's also in the jewelry business.
And so I felt like I was just, now I'm just as good as they are. Now they're old with open arms, hello there Molly, this, that, the other, you know. And I laugh up my sleeve. But the younger generation are nice. They're very nice. They're very sociable, very nice. In fact, the Orthodox boys and girls and the Reform girls and boys are just like one. And that's the way it should have been years ago, but they weren't brought up that way. Why, I don't know. well now what about the relationships between Teferith Israel kids at that time and Cherith Israel kids well now the Teferith Israel children lived in North Dallas and the Cherith Israel children never went to North Dallas well now were they both just as Orthodox or was we Cherith Israel more conservative even at that yes it was I think they were I think they were.
I think that the parents were more modern, let's say, not conservative, but more modern than the ones that lived in North Dallas. Well, now, was Sheriff Israel an Orthodox shul at that time? Oh, yes, strictly, strictly. The men and women sit separate, and I was a little girl, but as I grew older we all sat together then it got more modern you know as you grow older you get more modern and but I I can remember that far back where the women sat upstairs and the men sat downstairs and for russia shona why it was the same way and then when they built that show on aiken street why then we then the men of the women sat together you know and we already had a rabbi and we had a Shechret.
What about the service was it all in Hebrew or was any English used in those days? It was English and Hebrew. What about when the show was on Jackson was it also some of it? No, Everything was Orthodox. In Jacksonville? As I say, there was no rabbi. So we all grew up oh I must have been about 13 14 years old before we had a rabbi We had the rabbis for the holiday but not not on Friday nights. But we had services Friday nights and Saturday mornings and they and they sat separately. I can remember that. Did they have a late Friday service or was it strictly an early?
No, it was strictly Orthodox. So it an early service rather than a night service on Friday. Do you happen to remember when they started with a late night service? No, I really don't. Is that how old you were? You don't remember? Um, have you then your family really is always you your individual family has always been in Sheriff Israel. Now, how many of your kids have changed from Sheriff to Temple? Just one. That's my son. And the rest are still in the sheriff Israel? Yeah, yeah. The rest of them don't live here. Oh, okay. Okay. Are they still in conservative or orthodox synagogues? Well, they both live in small towns and the one lives in Odessa, Texas and they get a rabbi just for the holidays.
Now they, my daughter tells me, they have one there on Friday nights too. They're trying to keep them. And the one where my youngest daughter lives, lives in Lawton, Oklahoma. They have no religion there at all, unless you go out to the camp. And they do have a rabbi there. And on Friday nights and Saturday mornings, the chapel is turned into a synagogue. How is it that they moved to smaller communities with less Jewish population in it? Or was it strictly a business? I did get that. How is it that your children moved to populations of places? They just happened to meet these men. Okay.
Okay. He met, my oldest daughter met a very young, lovely young man. I'm crazy about him. from Crain, Texas. And he spent most of his life growing up in Odessa. And there in the mercantile And he come here and buy And that how she met him and my youngest daughter again her husband is in Lawton Oklahoma and they she met him at school he came here for a football game and they some one of the boys said what about meeting Frances Nauvin and he says I'd like to I hear so much about her and so when he met her why I'll show you their pictures and when he met her why they become engaged in six weeks so she moved to Locken Oklahoma you mentioned that some of your memberships were given to you as wedding gifts What's that?
When you talked about the Council of Jewish Women and the Sheriff Israel Sisterhood and then you mentioned another sisterhood, I believe, you said that they were given to you as wedding, these memberships were given to you as wedding gifts? As wedding gifts. Was that? My aunt gave it to me, my aunt and uncle. Was this usual at the time you were married? I don't know whether it was or whether it wasn't, but they wanted me to join it as a young girl and I was quite 20 years old when I got married and so they didn't they didn't know what else to give me and everybody was joining the Council of Jewish Women in Sisterhood the Hadassah see the Hadassah is 65 years old uh-huh and I and I when it was first organized I was one of their first members so so they were given to me as wedding gifts or as gifts and I resigned from the Council of Jewish Women before the year was out.
I just I just couldn't be treated that way. I wasn't used to it. What other organizations were you a member of? I belong to the B'nai B'rith, I belong to the Hadassah, I belong to the Council of Jewish Women I don belong to the there two orthodox two real orthodox common you know that I don belong to But I do belong to these three I'm a paid up member at the Sheriff Israel. How is it that you rejoin the Council of Jewish Women? women how's what how is it that you rejoined the council of jewish women well the women around here oh so i was older and more mellow uh-huh and the people were more mellow you know now there's no such a thing as the reform and orthodox we're all one i love to go to temple just love to go to temple used to go every Friday night till I got this leg and I can't sit long sure and so I just don't go to any kind of a meeting now but I used to be a meeting hound whenever there was a meeting I was there and I'd love to go on Friday night and I'm crazy about Rabbi Olin and also Rabbi Klein and but my children are there now and the grandchildren have you always been active in our continues and I never was I used to go to meetings and for two couple of times couple of years I was the, if a newcomer would come I'd introduce him you know chairman of that but I uh I wasn't a worker.
Some people are some people aren't and I was one that wasn't. Was your daddy? Excuse me. Was your husband a Dallasite? Was it what? Was your husband a Dallasite? No, he was from Chicago. He came down here and my father, he worked for my father. And he came down here as a young boy. He was 18 years old when he came down here. And he was looking for a job and my father was looking for a young man. And he used to work for my father and we fell in love and got married. But he went into business for himself before we got married, also in the jewelry business.
Um, had you always lived in single-family dwellings then? Did I always live where? House, separate houses rather than apartments. This is the first time I've ever lived in an apartment. See I had my own home on Hickory Street. It was Hickory Street. Howard Street we moved to Hickory. And I had a lovely little home there and then my husband two years later bought this house on on Park Row. And then from Park Row, it was after the war and I had a big home and we sold it and we bought a home on Purdue. And then from Purdue I moved over here. Did you ever have any of your relatives living with you?
No. Or did you ever, you never lived in your parents' house after you married them? Now, did your husband ever change his occupation? No, he was always a jewelry man. As I told you, there were four generations in the jewelry business. So both of you come from families that were jewelers? Well, no, he didn't come from that kind of a family. He didn't come from a jewelry. My father made him a jewelry man. He was a very apt young man and he learned the business very thoroughly. And then he went into business for himself. Then we got married. Has there been any intermarriage in your family?
Has there been any intermarriage incident about your family? Yes, there's intermarriage in Fort Worth on my sister's side. Have the kids remained Jewish or have they? Well one of them doesn have any children at all and the other ones have taken up the Jewish religion In fact these girls went to Mikvah where some of the Jewish women don do And they love the Jewish religion and they love the family and they're two lovely girls. and those are the only two non-Jewish you know now are they involved in the conservative group are they in oh yes now one of them was the president of the Hadassah and she goes to she goes to Orthodox services on Friday night You had earlier referred to a lot of the men when they came here carrying packs on their backs and then going into, you know, taking packs and then selling out in the smaller towns I guess is what you were talking about.
I did watch. You had talked about some of the men instead of going into business and having stores that they had gone out and peddled? No I didn't. Well when you said they had packs on their back. You asked me that and I said no my father was a businessman. Oh I understand that but what about other men that came here? Well I don't know anything about them. Oh you okay. When you came to Dallas would you like to elaborate on that about the stores and about the city as it was, the Jewish community. I did what? You started to say, to discuss how Dallas was, some of the things that impressed you when you came as a child.
Oh yes, it has grown, yes. It's, it's, it's little New York. Do you remember what the streetcars were like? Yes, I sure do. the streetcars were all open like you see on pictures you know and for a nickel you could ride from here to Oak Cliff and back again. We used to go joyriding that way. Oh yeah on Sundays and now we had a horse and a buggy and my father loved the buggies like like some men love cars we had a buggy with fringe we had a buggy that you could pull the top back up you know we had a a four seated buggy.
He loved buggies. Where did he keep his horse? Did he own his own horse? In my home, in our home, in our little house, the yard. We built a stall farm and I used to ride horseback riding. Used to go horseback riding all the time. Who took care of the horse? Who took care of the horse? We did. Did each of your kids have to be? No, my mother did. She fed him and everything. He knew her very well, but I used to love to go back and ride him and give him a good workout and then come back, you know, hitch him up to the buggies.
Did you do this every day? Did you ride him every day? Every day yeah. You know when my father drove him but my mother didn't. But my mother used to feed him and clean him and keep him you know. It was a beautiful horse and I remember the little house was was a small house but it was on a big lot and that was why we could have them there and then I learned how to to oh yes to have a very good time when we were growing up I learned how to hitch him up to the buggy you know and And, but my daddy, we always talked about daddy and his, every time my son changes his car, I said, you're just like your grandfather.
Every time there was a new car that came to the city, why he had to have one like it. What did you keep the buggies in your backyard as well We had a rainy stall and we built a great big shed you know so the rain wouldn uh hurt the buggy because we had some beautiful buggies I remember one that had they called it a Surrey. I don't know whether you remember that or not. The the top of it had fringe all the way around that was our sunday buggy what were the other buggies used for when did you use the other and then we had uh what they call a fathom it was just like a sport car for you you could take the top and bring it way back you know double it up and then we had just a one two seated these were four seated and we had a two-seated buggy that we used to drive to town and back you know.
How long did it take you to drive to town? About do you remember about how long it took you to drive to town? Oh about 10 minutes and how did you park? We did right in town. Yes how did you park your buggy? How did you park your buggy? Oh, there was, you could park it in front of the store. Did they have hitching posts? Yeah. Were there sidewalks or how were the, what was the arrangement of the downtown? I can't remember. Yeah, there were sidewalks. Dallas was quite a little city. When we moved here, we didn't feel like we moved in a country and that's what my father liked about dollars it was already modernized and people look like people you know it wasn't like country and the the train the Union Station was three blocks away from my father I never will forget we used to go to mineral wells we used to get on the train go from from from Dallas to Minerwilds used to take us four hours.
All of that was around my father's store, you know, and that made it so interesting. Yes. And then, surprisingly, the department stores that were here at that time, because all these As all the other towns didn't have them. And he said he just couldn't bring his family to just a one-horse town. But when we came here, it was quite a little city already. Well, now, where the Union Terminal is now, where they're building the new hotel, is that a newer or another terminal than the one you knew as a child? Was that what? The location, is that different than the one you, where they, did they move the location from when you were a child?
Where the Union Terminal is now? I can't find. In the 40s, when the trains came into that station near Houston Street. That station was there when I came here. You mean the train? Yes. Oh, yes. That's the same station? Oh, no. Well, it's on the same site then? It's the same, it's the same name. the union station yes now you know it's near oak cliff yes well that's the only second home it had the first home was down there on pacific avenue which was a block going north from dad yes and then uh and then this uh you know they say they're going to open it up and trains are going to go again Right.
What about the sidewalks? How far south Dallas and south Dallas, the streets, paved streets and sidewalks were? We had sidewalks. Did they go all the way down? Do you remember? Yeah, we had sidewalks. It was nice. We had a lovely home. My dad bought us a lovely five-bedroom, five-room house. Great big yard, flowers, trees. Let's see, Mrs. Rothschild. Do you remember, do you know Dr. Joe? He married a Rothschild girl. She passed away. Well, there's Dr. Joe Rothschild who married a Zesmer. Huh? There's a Dr. Joe Rothschild who married Miriam Zesmer. Well, they were our neighbors on Bellevue Street. I see. And Rabbi Frum was our neighbor on this side.
Rothschilds were my neighbor on that side Mm Mm What about the involvement of the Jewish community in the Jewish Welfare Federation What about the involvement of the Jewish community in the Jewish Welfare Federation? I really don't know because I was busy raising children. My husband took care of that part of it. The women weren't mixed up in it, you know. and that was a man's job but in later years why the women got interested in it and they are doing a beautiful job and I'm very proud of them but as I was growing up why the women had nothing to do with it that was the men looked out for that.
And we, I think we had, I think the Reformers had the Columbian Club already. It was a very small one on Irby Street. Is that the son of your... A little bit. That's all right. Were you involved in any of the Yiddish school? No. You know there was a Yiddish school. I never went to Hebrew school. What about Yiddish school? Were any of your kids involved in perhaps the Yiddish school? Did you go to the Yiddish art theater or did you were you speaking with this Yiddish spoken in the home at all? Oh I can speak Yiddish. I can't speak Hebrew. It's a shame but I can't well I think it's marvelous when I go Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur to the synagogue and hear these little girls and boys reading it and singing it I just think it's marvelous and I think they should know but my children don't know they that my children don't even speak Jewish and they don't even understand it i'm sorry to say i understand it and i speak it but there's nobody to speak it to sure you know people have gotten away from it did your parents always speak additional uh my mother wanted to always learn to speak english she speak jewish and we spoke jewish in the house and we always answered in English and she always wanted to learn the English language But when my father passed away she came to live with me And I used to have on Saturday I used to have a little social hour for her.
Get all the people on Forest Avenue, South Boulevard, Park Row and serve them coffee and cake. and cake and she could read from the from the Hebrew books but she could translate she would tell them stories reading stories in Hebrew but she could translate it so they could understand what she was talking about we thank you you mentioned that your mother lived with you after your daddy all of Shalom passed away. You mentioned that your mother lived with you after your daddy passed away. My mother lived with me. Yes, yes. How long did she live with you? She lived with me two years and a half.
How do you feel or do you see a change as far as parents living with their kids today as opposed to when your mother lived with you? No, not really. I think that the children are more progressive and I'm proud of each and every one of them. They have their own lives and and they do what they think is best for themselves. And Mama lived with me while it was wonderful. The children just adored her. she did there right near the synagogue did she always walk to show on oh yes she never rode they were very religious they weren't what you call religious to the point where it was obnoxious you know They were religious to where you don eat mouth take and flesh your dick and don mix dishes and don go out to the restaurants and eat and things like that But they never kept us from doing it and never questioned, never.
Where did you go? What did you do? What did you eat? Never. And that's why I was so proud of them. And when it came to Yom Kippur, they never asked us if we fasted. They never wanted us a story to them, you know, that we were good Jews. We did, but they never questioned. Do you feel that your observance has changed over the years? Do you feel that your observance has changed over the years? Are you less observant? No I don't think so I like candles every Friday night and the only thing is I don't buy kosher meat like I used to. I used to keep strictly kosher that they could come and eat at my home.
But I don't keep kosher anymore. But as far as the other concerned, why I'm just like I always was. I would have kept kosher, and I enjoyed keeping kosher, but Frum was our butcher. I guess you remember him. sure and I moved but as long as I lived on Park Row I kept kosher a rabbi could come to my home I wasn't fanatic at it but I did keep a very strict clean home Jewish home and when I moved on Hickory Street why once or twice he would deliver me my meats in the afternoon summertime time. I couldn't stand that. My husband said, look as far as I'm concerned, it didn't make a bit of difference to me.
So we start, so I start going forward, you know. But I do keep the holidays and my children do. They're very nice about that. I don't have to tell them. They know what it is and they do it. And so, well... I haven't been to Shul, but I haven't been to the Congregate to Sherith Israel in about five years. Do your kids, have they changed in their observance? You said that your son, I believe, go to temple now have they changed much in their observance i think they're more like the orthodox when i go to temple i feel like i'm in sheriff israel yes they have changed they uh they're more um i think they're more tolerant in lots of ways uh they bring the torah out you've been to temple haven't you and i enjoy their friday night services very much i forget that i'm in temple because um i i i think it's very um you get the same thing out of it that you do in shul and And as far as our Orthodox, our synagogue, I don't think we're as strict as we used to be either.
I think we're more modern. But I think that the temple has gotten more Orthodox than we have gotten Reformed. now on friday night they light candles and they bring the torah out and the little boys read from the torah and they speak quite a bit of hebrew now mr um he was my neighbor upstairs tankers tankers tankers tankers tankers he will not by mitch for a boy unless he can say it in hebrew and and they all speak hebrew now whether they will later on or not i don't know but right now if they're if they want to be bar mitzvahed they have to speak hebrew and you know and And when I go to temple with anybody gets, any of my friends children bar mitzvah why I forget that I in the temple Of course it short and you know but it isn like ours But I think it very nice and I think since Rabbi Olin I remember when Rabbi Olin first came to Dallas and I remember what he says and it always stays in my mind.
It was between Purim and Pesach. And he got up and he gave a sermon and he says, My little grandmother used to take the wing of a turkey and clean all the little corners out. And he told them the whole story. And I said, Uh-oh. I said, I wonder if they're going to keep them. And he didn't care. He wouldn't sign a contract with them. And some of the girls and boys would say, well, I never heard of that. I never heard of that. And I never heard of changing dishes. And I'd laugh at my back because I remember it as a little girl, you know.
And so he would tell what his grandmother would do and what they would do in their home. And so I said, but you know, I went every Friday night to Temple because it was close to where I lived on Park Road. And every Friday night, the crowd got larger and larger. They were interested enough to know what the next lecture was going to be. And it was rather interesting. and i think rabbi olin did something to the uh to the congregation and i think climb is following footsteps i think i i loved rabbi klein i don't think he's an orator but uh i think he's just a fine man and speaks what his mind and I like him very much but he'll never be like Rabbi Olin you know I don't think there'll ever be anyone like Rabbi Olin can you remember experiencing any anti in what Any anti People that were against Jews during your period you know when you were growing up No.
I think the Jews were against Jews. As I say, the reforms were against Orthodox. They weren't just, I'm a Jew and you're a Jew. I am, I am, they, like they would emphasize it, I am a reform and you're just an orthodox. No? No. So I think, but now it's more, more of equalizing the girls and the boys in a marriage, the girls and the boys belonged to the same club. They belonged to the, they go out and make money for the temple, for the show, what have you. And I think the younger generation is marvelous. I'm crazy about them. What was a social life like when you were growing up?
Well, we all stuck together, not with the reforms. the reforms had nothing to do with the orthodox at all i never went with the reform bar in my life of course and in fact i never went with too many bars anyway because my husband and i knew each other when i was 16 years old and i got married when i wasn't quite 20 so so he's the only one that i really went with you know sure but But I was popular in a way that there wasn't anything that I didn't go to or anything like that, you know. But I think the girls and boys had a nice social life here.
They didn't have any clubs or anything like that. Now, we did have a club. I don't know whether you remember it or not. But it was right across the street from the city park. It didn't last too long, and it's too bad. And I think that if it had lasted longer I think really it would have been wonderful for the next generation that was coming up but it didn last too long and it wasn like the Columbian Club at all Do you remember the name of that club at all? No, I don't. Now Ralph belonged to two or three clubs. He belonged to the AZA club.
and in fact he belonged to a club that that for a while it just died out and now all the couples are reviving it again I don't know what the friendship club we call it now it wasn't the Jonathan Club or the F.J. we belong to the Jonathan club how did they get started oh go ahead huh what about the jonathan club how well that started it was a wonderful club really was a wonderful club i belonged to the jonathan club but it you know anything that gets too large is no good you start bringing in a couple of friends and i start bringing in a couple of friends the next one started bringing it just got too large to handle And when anything gets too large to handle, you can't handle it at all.
And if you didn't invite them, you were, you know. So it was one way, so it just, it was dropped right out. It was a shame. Plus we used to have Jonathan Club, we used to have Jonathan dances, you know, everybody would have a Jonathan Apple by the side of their plates you know and our New Year's affair were beautiful but as I say that it just got too big I'd bring in maybe a couple of friends of mine and they liked it so well they asked to be members you wouldn't say no and it just got to be anything that's too big it It doesn't last.
And that's what I find. Was it strictly a social club? It was a social club. Yes. But strictly social? No. No. No money-making or anything. Social. It was lovely. Just lovely. The women learned how to dress lovely and, and, um, and it was a very, very, very, very It was a nice club for the older generation. And of course when the younger generation started coming like my son again, but then they had the AZA, and then from the AZA they went to something else. And now they reorganized and they're all grandfathers, grandmothers, and they call it the friendship club and they go dancing and they go out for dinners and it's really nice and I'm glad of it because there's so very few left.
Do you remember the Ku Klux Klan here in the 20s. Yes, I can remember them very well. I remember that they hated the Jewish people and why I don't know. They used to call my husband the white Jew and the Jew in East Dallas was called the black Jew and there was a difference to them you know and they organized in Oak Cliff and when they would cross the bridge well that's when they used to do all their mischief and I remember one incident that the Ku Klux Klan came into my husband's store and he used to call my husband the white Jew he said you're the white Jew and my husband says we have no white or black you were all Jews he says no Lewis you're a white Jew and he said in East Dallas they were very much against the Jews in East Dallas and he said that there was going to be a man there that they were going to take a mountain tar and feather them and my husband took him into the store and sat and sat him down and talked to him.
And got all that madness, whatever it was, and everything out of his system. He just let him talk. And my husband came home that night to tell me about it He says I had a very funny experience he says and I can just get it out of my mind and he says but he sat this man down and he talked to him and he says there's no good or bad in anybody there you're either good or you're either bad and he says amongst the Jewish people they don't know what badness is and we don't you know and but sometimes these Jewish people in East Dallas used to do things that they shouldn't do money money money and so my husband said that he would
take care of it that if he would turn this man over to him that he would take care of them and not to do anything that would be harmful to to the Jewish people because the Jewish people if you just knew the Jewish people you would learn to love them well he just loved my husband and my husband was in the jewelry business and also in the loan business and he knew how to handle the Gentile people you know and so so he said okay he said we're gonna put this man in your hands and that's the only only one experience that I knew of
that my husband was entangled with what did your husband do when he said he would take care of the Jewish man and what did he do what did he actually went down in East Dallas and got a crowd together, held a meeting and told them that they have to run their business differently and it's all right to make money but there's two ways of making money. And he just gave them a good lecture. And so that was the only incident that I remember the Ku Klux What had the man done? Oh, I don't know what he did. You don't know if he overcharged interest or anything?
No. My husband never told me and I never asked questions and my husband to this day if he was living wouldn know what this man did What this man did he did not ask any questions But he just went there to tell him that whatever he did don do it again And because, and he told him the incident that happened. He said something terrible could have happened to you. And he says, and I wouldn't want any Jewish men to be hurt. and right after that the Ku Klux Klan they disbanded. But my husband had to do lots of talking to this man. I don't know whether they're highly educated men or whether they have something against the Jewish people or what it is, but it was a terrible thing at one time.
But was that the worst thing then that you can remember that happened? They didn't actually tar and feather this man? No, they would have. They would have if he hadn't come into the store. Our place of business was, you know where Pardress is? Yes. Well, my husband, you know where Lynn's was in Everett's? Well, my husband was in the center. It was Linda on this side and Everett on this side and Alvin's in the center. And uh, uh, Linda and my husband were very, very nice, very nice. And uh, they got along just beautiful together. But no, he never told, but he called, he said that there was a difference between the Jews, and there are.
And now I don't think so. I think the younger generation, I think the younger generation is wonderful. But in the olden times there was a difference between the East I was Jews and, you know, those that lived on the other side of Pearl Street. Yes. Did they go to any particular synagogue Did they go to any of them or all of them I don know In that area You don know whether they were I never had anything to do with them Is there any particular reason why you didn have anything to do with them No no I just had my friends and you can have too many friends You can have lots of acquaintances You know, I was a friend to everybody but socially.
Were there any particular businesses that these Jewish people in the East Dallas area were in? In the jewelry business. They were all jewelers. Were they also in loan business as well as jewelry or are they just strictly in jewelry business? Was it what? Were they also in the loan business as well as jewelry or was it? Oh they had, they had loan business, they had jewelry business, they had a combination of just furnishing and jewelry you know but as i said before uh elm street was already established when my my father moved down here it's surprisingly in a small town and uh it was as they had stores all kinds of stores way up to murphy street a harris's was already here sanga brothers was here neiman and marcus was here tasha getting sure i don't know what ever happened to kettishere but tasha's are still here i think just a name they still here well technically i think it's still Teichgettinger.
Well maybe they cut it I don't remember but yes it was Teichgettinger. What about Zionism? Was your family or was your husband involved in the Zionist movement at all? Did he have any particular attitude on Zionism? I don't know honey I never spoke to them about it. We never discussed things like that. What about your were you active at all in Hadassah? At that time when I was growing up, after I was married, while the Hothausa was organized, but up till then, while there was no Hothausa, there was a Zionist, but we didn't belong to the Zionists. And my father never was much of a club member.
He thought... he just didn't like the way people acted, you know. And so he never went to... he belonged to the social parts of the different clubs, never to the other part of it. Well, is there anything else you can think of about Dallas on the Jewish community? Is there anything else you can think about Dallas Jewish community over the years? Were you involved at all with the Jewish Community Center, or were the kids involved with the Jewish Community Center? No. When the Community Center was organized, my children were already mamas and papas. Well now, there was a Jewish community center in South Dallas. We had no community center in South Dallas.
There was a YMHA that was later in it where the old Federation building was That was already when the children were growing up That while they were growing up I wish they did have something like that but they didn And it's a wonder that we had as many lovely young men as we did and they turned out to be such fine young men because there was no one to take care of them like they are now like the community center. I wish there was something like that, but there wasn't. Not that I know of. Well the YMHA was established in the 1919-1920, about that time, 21-22.
Yeah, well you see my children are already grown. Well, do you have anything, any programs or pictures or things that deal with the Jewish community? No, we don't. I'm out of all of that now. Okay, I thank you very much. You're welcome.